CAMOUFLAGE GARDENING
By Patti Simons
DEER-RESISTANT PLANTS
"Plants can only be called deer resistant not = deer proof. Some plants are quite tasty to deer, others less so. Depending on the density of the deer population, drought = conditions and the availability of other more palatable plants some plants are more = resistant than others. This list is an attempt to classify and define, as a food source for deer, the = desirability of many plants typically found in Central Texas."*
Camouflage Gardening is simply using plants that = contain natural chemicals and have characteristics that deter deer from wanting to eat them. A = scent barrier is created by using a variety of strongly aromatic plants, shrubs and herbs throughout the = garden.
Deer rely on their sense of smell to determine what is safe and = desirable to eat. A wide variety of strong odors confuse the deer. The animal will generally = leave the area and go to a landscape where it can clearly identify what it is eating.
A Deer-Resistant garden = can be created by following four easy steps:
1. Plant list #1 specifies many strongly aromatic plants to use, in = ample numbers, throughout the landscape. Use two plants from list #1 for every one plant on = list #3 or #4.
2. All plants listed #2, have some or all of the = following characteristics: bitter taste, coarse/tough hairy or prickly leaves and/or caustic milky/sticky sap. Deer rarely eat = these plants. Use these plants freely throughout the landscape.
3. Plants in this category reseed prolifically, grow rampantly or = spread aggressively by underground roots. Hidden within an aromatic garden, = these #3 plants rapidly reward the homeowner by ceaselessly increasing in numbers.
Trees suffer two types of damage from deer: the foliage will be eaten = to the browse line (appx. 5-1/2' from the ground), and bucks often fight with and polish their = antlers on resilient saplings, tree trunks under 3" in diameter, and multi-trunk ornamentals. Until the = trees mature, it is wise to protect them with an evergreen scent barrier or a wire cage.
4. Once the perennial and evergreen aromatic plants are used in ample = numbers, list #4, vertical growers (climbing vines and shrubs) and a limited number of your = favorite deer-desirable in-town plants can be hidden within the scent barrier.
CAUTION: Deer will eat almost anything in the = Spring. This is the time when plants are the most tender and are highest in nutrition. This same Spring-time/lush = growth occurs in new nursery stock and when the gardener constantly fertilizes plants. It = will be necessary to spray with Cloud Cover or other deer repellant for approximately = three (3) weeks while the plants "harden off" and become less palatable to deer.
Instead of fertilizing, promote growth and blooms by two easier = methods. Providing very healthy soil, through purchase or amendment, promotes = stronger plants that are more deer-resistant, disease free and are more prolific producers of foliage = or fruit.=20
Deadheading (removing spent blossoms)encourages the = plant to bloom repeatedly in order to set seed. However, the foliage can toughen up naturally.
ASK FOR THESE PLANTS BY PROPER NAME - ACCEPT = NO SUBSTITUTES
© 1996 Patti Simons email: = deerlady@onr.com
General Plant List Type CAT Common = Name Size Bloom Color Bloom Time Aesculus pavia* Dsh 1 Red Buckeye 25' red Apr-May Irritation/gut pain/bitter = taste Andropogon gerardi* =20 Gr 1 Big Bluestem 3-6' cream Aug-Nov Rarely eaten Anisacanthus wrightii* P 1 Flame Acanthus 4' orange Jun-Oct Aromatic foliage/strong = taste Anisodontea 'tara's wonder' ? 1 Mini Mallow 2' pink Summer Strongly aromatic/prolific blmr/new to area = Aristida purpurea Gr 1 Purple Treeawn 18" purple Apr-Oct. Rarely eaten/wildlife = habitat Artemisia ludoviciana x P 1 White Sage 2' yellow Jul-Oct. Aromatic/aggressive growth Asclepias linaria P 1 Pineleaf Milkweed 2' white Mar-Oct. Sap/interesting foliage, flower and = pod Asclepias sublata P 1 Desert Milkweed 4' yellow Apr-Oct. Sap rubber/interesting vertical plant/pod dried arrangements Asparagus springerii x E 1 Asparagus Fern 6' Rarely eaten/red berries fall/attracts = birds Bouteloua curtipendula* Gr 1 Sideoats Grama 30" gold June-Nov Rarely eaten Buchloe dactyliodes* Gr 1 Buffalo Grass 1' Rarely eaten Buxus sempervirens E 1 Boxwood 1-5' Toxic/leaves/twigs/aroma/acrid = taste Cassia corymbosa* ESh 1 Common Tree Senna 3-5' yellow Jul-Sept Toxic/bitter taste/not tr sz due to = fz/return Cestrum nocturnum P 1 Nt. Blooming Jasmine 3' white Summer Toxic/all parts Chamaecyparis spp. Dtr 1 Cypress 30' Toxic/all parts/aromatic Chasmanthium latifolium* P 1 Inland Seaoats 3' cream May-Oct Rarely eaten Chelidnium majus Bi 1 Celandine Poppy 4' yellow Summer Pungent smell/acrid taste Chrysanthemum mexicana* P 1 Damianita 18" yellow Jun-Oct Aromatic/coarse foliage Eupatorium rugosum* =20 P 1 White Snakeroot 3' White Aug-Nov Toxic/All parts Euphorbia antisyphilitica E 1 Candelilla 1' pink May-Oct. Sap/ irritation/pain to gut/Interesting = vertical accent Flourensia cernua E 1 Tarbush 3' yellow Sep-Dec. Aromatic foliage w/resin Gutierezia sarothrea EP 1 Snakeweed 18" yellow Fall Toxic/all parts/bitter, soap taste/turpentine odor Hesperaloe paviflora x ESh 1 Red Yucca 2' coral Spring Coarse foliage/deer will always nip flower spike Heterotheca latifolia* P 1 Golden Aster 30" yellow Aug-Nov Aromatic/camphor odor Ilex vomitoria 'nana' x ESh 1 Dwarf Yaupon Holly 18" Rarely eaten/no berries Jasminum mesyni x Sh 1 Primrose Jasmine 3-6' yellow Spring Seldom eaten, marvelous cascading = shrub Jatropha cardiophylla E 1 Limber Bush 3' pods Sept. Bitter Sap when broken Jatropha cuneata Sh 1 Leather Plant 3' pods Sept. Bitter Sap when = broken/semievergreen Jatropha dioica DSh 1 Sangre de Drago 6' white Apr-May Bitter Red Sap/blood of the = dragon Juniperus ashei* ESh 1 Ashe Juniper 18' Aromatic/coarse foliage Juniperus spp. x ESh 1 Juniper 18" Aromatic/coarse foliage Juniperus virginia* ESh 1 Eastern Red Cedar 30' Aromatic/coarse foliage Larrea tridentata* Sh 1 Creosote Bush 6' yellow April Aromatic/sticky sap/rarely = eaten Machaeranthera phyllocephala* A 1 Camphor Daisy 2' yellow Mar-Dec Aromatic/ camphor odor Muhlenbergia capillaris* Gr 1 Gulf Coast Muhly 2' purple Aug-Oct Rarely eaten Muhlenbergia dubia* Gr 1 Pine Muhly 3' cream Aug-Nov Rarely eaten Muhlenbergia dubiodes* Gr 1 Weeping Muhly 18" cream Aug-Nov Rarely eaten Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Gr 1 Muhly Grass 2-5' silver Mid-Oct Rarely eaten Muhlenbergia rigens* Gr 1 Metcalf Muhly 18" silver Sept-Nov Rarely eaten/wildlife = habitat Origanum vulgare x P 1 Oregano 1-3' Aromatic spreading herb Pectis angustifolia* A 1 Lemon Pectis 8' yellow June-Oct Aromatic/strong lemon Perilla frutescens A 1 Perilla Mint 18" Aromatic/pungent/ Toxic/leaves bronze-purple Perovskia atriplicifolia* P 1 Russian Sage 3' lav blue July-Oct Aromatic/outgrow/aggressive Poliomintha longifolia* P 1 Mexican Oregano 3' lav whit May-Aug Aromatic/evergreen/long bloom period/sm.shrub Polyantha Rose ESh 1 The Fairy 3' lt pink Reblooms Wonderful rose/out blooms and outgrows deer Rosmarinus officinalis* x ESh 1 Hill Hdy. Rosemary 3' blue Feb-Apr Aromatic/almost evergreen/use all varieties/plant alot Salvia azurea v.pitcheriii* P 1 Pitcher Sage 3' sky blue May-Oct Aromatic/lacy gray-green = foliage Salvia ballotaeflora* P 1 Blue Shrub Sage 5' blue May-Oct Aromatic/gray-green.foliage Salvia chamaedryoides* P 1 Gray Shrub Sage 3' blue Apr-Oct Aromatic/silver foliage Salvia discolor* =20 P 1 Silver Peruvian Sage 3' purple Apr-My Aromatic/blooms almost black against silver foliage Salvia farinacea* x P 1 Mealy Blue Sage 3' blue Mar-Nov Aromatic/never eaten/blooms Spring to = Fall Salvia greggii x lyciodes* P 1 'Nuevo Leon" 18" purple Apr-Nov Aromatic/lacy foliage Salvia greggii x S.microphylia* P 1 'Red Velvet' 2' red May-Oct Aromatic/evergreen/great = bloomer Salvia greggii* x =20 P 1 Cherry Sage 3' red Mar-Nov Aromatic/mature leaves rarely eaten/long bloom period Salvia guaranitica* P 1 Magestic Sage 4' blu &pur Apr-Oct Aromatic/wonderful plant Salvia leucantha* x P 1 Mexican Bush Sage 4' purple Sept-Oct Aromatic/silver foliage/good = bloom Salvia longispica x farinacea* P 1 'Indigo Spires' 4' blue Apr-Oct Aromatic/just blooms, blooms, = blooms Salvia lycioides* P 1 Canyon Sage 18" blue Spr/Fall Aromatic/evergreen Salvia lyrata* =20 P 1 Lyre-Leaf Sage 18" blue Feb-Apr Aromatic/reseeds = aggresively Salvia regla* P 1 Mountain Sage 3' orange Sept-Oct Aromatic/tall open Salvia roemeriana* P 1 Cedar Sage 1' red Mar-June Aromatic/repeat bloomer Salvia uliginosa * P 1 Bog Sage 5' blue Mar-Nov Aromatic/aggressive Sambacus canadensis* DSh 1 Elderberry 10' white May-Sept Toxic/aggressive growth/beautiful = flowers Santolina chamaecyparissus x P 1 Santolina 2 yellow Summer Aromatic, felted, fine textured = foliage Santolina virens EP 1 Santolina 18" yellow Summer Aromatic, rich green threadlike = foliage Schizachryium scoparium* Gr 1 Little Bluestem 3' white Aug-Nov Rarely eaten Stachys coccinea* =20 P 1 Texas Betony 1' red Mar-Oct Aromatic/low mat-forming Stipa tenuissima* Gr 1 Mexican Feathergrass 18" gold May-Aug Rarely eaten Tagetes lemmonii*=20 P 1 Copper Canyon Daisy 3-4' yellow May-Sept Aromatic Tagetes lucida* =20 P 1 Mexican Marigold 20" yellow May-Sept Aromatic/tarrogon/great fall = bloomer Tanacetum vulgare P 1 Tansy 3' yellow Toxic/all parts/aromatic Thelesperma filifolium*=20 A 1 Black-eyed Susan 2' yellow Feb-Dec Aromatic Truja spp.=20 x E 1 Cedar 20' Aromatic/strong oil/bitter = taste Verbesina enceliodies* A 1 Cow-Pen Daisy 3' yellow Feb-Dec Strong odor when touched Verbesina virginia P 1 Frostweed 3-7' white Aug-Nov Sap/bitter taste/attracts Monarch = Butterflies Xanthocephalum dracunculiodes* P 1 Common Broomweed 3' yellow Sept-Dec Rarely eaten Achillea millefolium* x P 2 Yarrow 10" white Apr-Jun Tastes bitter/aromatic Adonis annua* A 2 Pheasant's Eye 1-2' red Feb-Jun Toxic/bitter taste/dry/easy frm seed/1% = Aesculus arguta* DSh 2 White Buckeye 25' pl.yello Apr-May Irritation/pain in digestive tract/bitter = taste Aesculus pavia* Tr 2 Red Buckeye 25' red Apr-May Toxic Agave leuchugilla* ESh 2 Agave 12' purple Rainfall Coarse foliage Agave scabra* Esh 2 Century Plant 1' yellow Apr-May Coarse foliage Apocynum androsaemilolium* P 2 Dogbane 2' pink Apr-July Milky sap/bitter sap Argemone mexicana* A 2 Yellow Prickly Poppy 18" yellow Apr-Oct Toxic/all parts/prickly foliage/bitter = taste Argemone sanguinea* A 2 Rose Prickly Poppy 4' rose Feb-May Prickly foliage/easy from seed/good = cut Argemone texana* =20 P 2 White Prickly Poppy 30" white Apr-May Toxic/all parts/prickly foliage/bitter = taste Asclepias asperula* =20 P 2 Antelope-Horns 8" gr/yel Mar-Nov Sap tastes bitter/attracts = butterflies Asclepias tuberosa* =20 P 2 Butterfly Weed 2' orange Apr-Sept Tastes bitter/milky sap Asclepias virdii* =20 P 2 Green Milkweed 2' green Mar-Sept Tastes bitter/milky sap Baileya multiradiata* A 2 Desert Marigold 9" yellow Mar-Oct Coarse foliage/reseeds Baptisia spp. P 2 False Indigo 3-6' blue May Toxic/all parts/tastes = bitter Berberis swaseyi* ESh 2 Tex.Barberry 3-4' yellow Spring Rarely eaten Bervberus trifoliolata* x ESh 2 Agarita 4' Prickly, coarse foliage/bitter = taste Brugmansia spp. P 2 Yellow Datura 3-4' yellow summer Strong odor/burning taste/sweet smelling evening blooms Bucharest sarothroides(F) ESh 2 Dessert Broom 5' white Fall Pods cover plant in fluffy = blanket Caesalpinia gilliesii*=20 P 2 Bird of Paradise 5' yel/red May-Sep Rarely eaten Carduus nutans* =20 Bi 2 Nodding Thistle 30" pink May-Jul Musk odor/prickly Carduus texanum* Bi 2 Texas Thistle 4' pink May-Jul Prickly foliage/sap Centaurea melitensis* A 2 Tocalote Thistle 30" yellow Mar-Aug Musk odor/prickly Centaurea texanum* Bi 2 Texas Thistle 4' pink May-Jul Prickly foliage/sap Centaurium beyrichii P 2 Mountain Pink 9" pink Summer Relatively unpalatable Cephalanthus occidentalis Sh 2 Common Buttonbush 2-3' white Jun-Se Toxic/leaves Chrysanthemum leucanthemum*x ES 2 Ox-Eye Daisy 2' white May Aromatic Cichorium intybus* P 2 Chicory 3' blue Jun-Oct Milky sap/bitter taste Cirsium horridulum* ES 2 Yellow Thistle 3' yellow Mar-Jun Prickly foliage Cleome serrulata A 2 Bee Plant 4' many May-Oct Toxic/leaves/prolific = blooms/reseeds Colchium autumnal S 2 Autumn Crocus 8" yellow Fall Toxic/all parts/intense pain in = gut/1% Convallaria majalis Blb 2 Lily-of-the-Valley 8" white Spring Toxic/all parts Cordalis aurea* A 2 Scrambeled Eggs 1-2' yellow Feb-Apr Toxic/bitter taste Dalea greggii* =20 P 2 Gregg Dalea/silver 1' purple Apr-Nov Nipped/surround with = aromatics Datura innoxia P 2 Datura 3-5' white Summer Toxic/all parts/wonderful = bloom Datura metheioldes P 2 Datura 3-5' dbl pur Summer Toxic/all parts/wonderful blooms & = foliage Datura quercifolia A 2 Datura 3-5' white Summer Toxic/all parts/wonderful blooms/oak leaf foliage Datura wrightii* =20 P 2 Datura/Jimsonweed 3' white May-Nov Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/fragrant = flower Daucus carota* =20 P 2 Queen Anne's Lace 30" white May-Jul Rarely eaten/Blooms = abundantly Delphinium carolinianum* P 2 Blue Larkspur 2' blue May-Jul Toxic/all parts when young/seeds as grows older Descuraninia pinnata A 2 Tansy Mustard 3' yellow Feb-Apr Winter/dens.hairy/sticky/poor = soil/1% Digitalis purpurea Bi 2 Foxglove 3-5' pink Spring Pain in mouth/throat Dyschoriste linearis* P 2 Snake Herb 1' purple Jun-Oct Bitter taste/spicy = fragrance Dyssodia pentachaeta* A 2 Parralena 8" yellow Mar-Dec Unpleasant scent/bitter = taste Dyssodia setifolia v radiata A 2 Tiny Tim 12" yellow Mar-Frz Gray furry foliage/strong scent/bitter = taste Ericameria laricifolia Sh 2 Turpentine Bush 2-3' yellow Sep-Nov Sticky resin/strong scent Erygium heterophyllum* P 2 Mexican Thistle 2' sk blue Aug-Oct Coarse silver foliage/dries = well Eryngium leavenworthii* P 2 Eryngo 3' purple Aug-Sep Coarse foliaged/dries well Eschscholtzia californica A 2 California Poppy 1' orange Spring Toxic/all parts Eupatorium perforlifum P 2 Joe-pye Weed 3-5' pink Sep-Frz Toxic/all parts/likes damp = places Euphorbia bicolor A 2 Snow-on-the- Prairie 1-3' wh/gren Aug-Oct Euphorbia marginata A 2 Snow-on-the-Mountain 2' wh/gren May-Oct Sap/irritation/pain in gut Europs spp. P 2 Daisy Bush 2' yellow Summer Aromatic silver or green = foliage Excium vulgare L. Bi 2 Viper's Buglass 1' purple Summer Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/reseeds/attracts bees Ficus pumila x E 2 Fig Vine 6' Exc.foundation cover/not easily eaten by = deer Gaillardia pulchella*=20 A 2 Indian Blanket 14" red/yel Feb-Dec Rarely eaten Gloriosa supurba L. B 2 Gloriosa Lily 6-8' yel/red Summer Toxic/all parts/intense pain in = gut/1% Gomphrena globosa A 2 Globe Amarantha 1' pu/pk/w Summer Rarely eaten/red most often nipped repeatedly Grindelia lanceolata P 2 Fall Gumweed 2-3' yellow Fall Sticky to touch Helianthus angustifolius* P 2 Swamp Sunflower 3' yellow Aug-Nov Toxic Helenium amarum* A 2 Bitterweed 1' yellow Apr-Frz Bitter taste/prolific = bloomer Heliotropium helianthoides P 2 Yellow Ox-eye 3-4' yellow Summer Toxic/all parts Hymenoxys scaposa* x P 2 Four-Nerve Daisy 10" yellow Feb-Oct Bitter taste/aromatic Iscoma wrightii* =20 A 2 Jimmyweed 2' yellow Jun-Oct Bitter tastes/sticky Lantana camara & montevidensis x P 2 Lantana 1-3' many Summer Aromatic/aggressive growth/long bloom period Lantana horrida* =20 P 2 Texas Lantana 3-5' or/yel Apr-Oct Toxic/coarse foliage Leucophyllum frutescens* ESh 2 Cenizo 3-6' pink Jun-Oct Toxic/bucks fight w/in = fall Linum sulcatum* A 2 Y.Prairie Flax 1-1' yellow May-Aug Toxic/many flowers/delicate = look/1% Lipidium montanum* P 2 Westn.Peppergrass 1-2' white Mar-Frz Aromatic/strong peppery = odor Lobelia cardinalis* P 2 Cardinal Flower 3' red May-Dec Toxic/all parts/bitter = taste Lobelia siphilitica A 2 Blue Cardinal Flower 3' blue May Toxic/all parts/bitter = taste/1% Lupinus texensis* =20 A 2 Texas Bluebonnet 1' blue Mar-May Toxic/all parts/bitter = taste Lycium andersonii Sh 2 Desert Wolfberry 6' lavender Feb-May Bitter taste/trumpet flowers turn to red berries Lycium berlandieri Sh 2 Berlandier Wolfberry 6' pl lav Mar-Sep Bitter taste/Fall berries Lycium fremontii Sh 2 Fremont Thornbush 3' white=20 lav Sp/Fall Bitter taste/two season = bloom Melampodium leucanthum* P 2 Black-Foot Daisy 10" wh=20 lav Mar-Nov Rarely eaten Monardia citriodora* P 2 Lemon Beebalm 30" mauve May-Jun Aromatic/citronella taste Nyctagina capitata* P 2 Scarlet Musk-Flwr 1-2' pnk/red Apr-Nov Aromatic/open eve/gd flwr/devil's = bouquet Ophiopogon japonica EGr 2 Mondo 6-8" Rarely eaten Oxytropis lambertii*=20 P 2 Locoweed 1' pink Apr-Jul Toxic/all parts Palafoxia hookeriana* A 2 Palafoxia 2-4' pink Sum&Fal Sticky to feel/reseeds Papaver Nudicaule P 2 Iceland Poppy 1-2' many Apr-May Topxic/all part Papaver Oriental A 2 Oriental Poppy 4' many Apr-May Toxic/all parts Papaver Rhoeas A 2 Corn Poppy 2-5' many May Toxic/all parts Papaver somniferum A 2 Opium Poppy 4' many Spring Toxic/all parts Parkinsonia aculeata* Tr 2 Paloverde/ Retama 12' yellow Spring Coarse/nip to browse but = outgrow Phlomis spp. P 2 Phlomis 4' yellow Summer Aromatic Physalis spp. A 2 Ground Cherry 9" blue Summer Toxic/all parts/Fall berry Phystegia intermedia* P 2 Spr.Obedient Plant 3' lav Mar-Jun Aromatic/outgrow nips/aggressive = growth Phystegia virginiana* P 2 Fall Obedient Plant 3' pk/white July-Oct Aromatic/outgrow/aggressive = growth Pluchea camphorata* A 2 Camphor Weed 2-4' pink Jul-Nov Aromatic/coarse/many flowers/damp = soil Pluchea purpurascens* A 2 Marsh Fleabane 1-3' pink May-Dec Aromatic/coarse/many flowers/damp = soil Picradeniopsis spp. P 2 Bahia 1' yellow Sp &Fal Bitter taste Plumbago auriculata x P 2 Cape Plumbago 1-2' blue Summer Rarely eaten/Fall = foliage/draping Polaniaia uniglandulosa* A 2 Clammyweed 2' white May-Sep Sticky/profuse blooms/reseeds = aggressively Polytaenia nuttallii* Bi 2 Wild Dill 3' yellow Apr-Jun Bitter taste/slight aroma Prionopsis ciliata* =20 A 2 Saw-Leaf Daisy 30" yellow Aug-Oct Toxic/coarse foliage Psilostrophe tagetina* =20 P 2 Woolly Paper Flw 1' yellow Mar-Oct Toxic/all parts Psoralea tenuiflora* P 2 Scurfy Pea 2' vio blue May-Jly Rarely eaten/lax/mny = flw/1% Pteridium auilinum P 2 Bracken Fern 1-2' Toxic/all parts/likes to be = dry Quincula lobata* P 2 Pur Ground Cherry 1' purple Mar-Dec Toxic/all parts/blooms continually = Rhus aromatica* Sh 2 Aromatic Sumac 6' foliage Fall Coarse foliage/rarely = eaten Rhus virens* Tr 2 Evergreen Sumac 8' foliage Fall Coarse foliage/rarely = eaten Rudbeckia fulgida* =20 A 2 Goldstrum Rudbeckia 3' yellow Jun-Sep Coarse foliage Rudbeckia hirta* x =20 A 2 Black-eyed Susan 2' yellow May-Sep Rarely eaten Rudbeckia lacinata P 2 Goldenglow 3-5' yellow Jun&Oct All parts cause irritation/pain in gut/ Aggressive growth Salvia coccinea* x P 2 Tropical Sage 30" o/p/r/w May-Oct Aromatic/aggressive = bloomer/reseeder Sapindus drummondii*x Sh 2 Soapberry 15' foliage Fall Toxic/all parts Saponaria officinalis P 2 Bouncing Bet 3' pink Summer Bitter/soap-like = taste/bloomer/draping Scutellaria seleniana* P 2 Skullcap 3' purple Apr-Aug Coarse foliage Scutellaria suffrutescens* P 2 Pink Skullcap 1' pink May-Nov Coarse evergreen/ever = bloom Senecio ampullaaceus* A 2 Tx.Squaw-Weed 1-3' yellow Feb-Apr Toxic/agg growth/poor = soil/1% Senecio jacobea BI 2 Tansy Ragwort 3' yellow Aug-Sep Toxic/all parts/bitter = taste Senecio leucostachys A 2 Dusty Miller 1' Toxic/silver leaves/bitter = taste Silphium albifloum* P 2 Rosin Weed 40" white May-Jul Sticky sap/stem/leaves Silphium simpsonii v.wrightii*=20 P 2 Simpson R. Weed 4' yellow Jun-Jul Sticky sap/stem/leaves Solanum elaeanifolium* P 2 Slv-Leaf Nightshade 3' pur& wh Mar-Oct Toxic/prickly/black fruit = fall/bitter Solanum jasminoides PV 2 Potato Vine 15' white Apr-Oct Toxic/all parts/bitter,soap-like taste/wonderful blooms Solanum speudocapsicum P 2 Jerusalem Cherry 1' blue Apr-Oct Toxic/all parts/bitter taste/aggressive = reseeder Solidago canadensis* P 2 Goldenrod 4' yellow Sep-Nov Toxic/coarse foliage Solidago mollis P 2 Goldenrod 4' yellow Fall Toxoc/coarse foliage Solidago petiolaris* P 2 Goldenrod 4' yellow Fall Toxic/coarse foliage/agg./lg.flower = clusers Solidago rugosa P 2 Goldenrod 4' yellow Fall Toxic/coarse foliage = aggressive Sophora secundiflora* ETr 2 Texas Mtn. Laurel 8' purple Mar-May Toxic/all parts/buck damage = fall Stachys byzantina x P 2 Lamb's Ears 6" lav Summer Rarely eaten/great silver = groundcover Symphytum spp. A 2 Comfrey 3' lav May-Aug Toxic/all parts Tephorosia lindheimerie* P 2 Lindheimer Tephrosia 3' pink Mar-Oct Rarely eaten/aggressive = growth Veratrum viride P 2 False Hellebore Toxic/all parts Verbascum thapsus* Bi 2 Common Mullein 30" yellow Jul-Sep Toxic/all pts/rosette of silver leaves until = spike appears Verbena bipinnatifida* P 2 Prairie Verbena 1' pink Apr-Oct Aromatic/many flowers/nip but = outgrow Verbena peruviana x E 2 Peruvian Verbena 1x4' pink Apr-Oct Aromatic/agg.growth/almost evergreen/long bloom Verbena tenuisecta* P 2 Moss Verbena 1' pk &pur Apr-Oct Fern-like foliage/Long bloom period/nip but outgrow Vernonia baldwinii*=20 P 2 Western Ironweed 2' pink Jul-Oct Coarse foliage Vernonia lindheimeri* P 2 Woolly Ironweed 32" pink May-Aug Coarse foliage/silver = foliage Viburnum rufidulum* Sh 2 Rusty Blackhaw 5' white May Coarse foliage/silver underside/nice flower/berries in Fall Viguiera denata* =20 P 2 Golden-eye 3' yellow Oct-Nov Musky odor Vinca rosea A 2 Madagascar Periwinkle 1-2' many May-Sep Aromatic/rarely eaten/prolific bloomer/may reseed Wisteria macrostachya* P 2 Wisteria vine purple April Rarely eaten/nip but = outgrow Zantedeschia aethiopica P 2 Calla Lily 2' white spring Sap/in all parts burns = mouth/1% Zinnia acerosa* =20 P 2 Native Zinnia 10" white Jun-Oct Rarely eaten Zinnia grandiflora EP 2 Zinnia 6-8" yellow May-Oct Rarely eaten/attracts = butterflies Actae pachpoda spp. Sh 3 Baneberry 2' white Apr-May Toxic/all parts/bitter = taste/berries Allamanda cathartica A 3 Allamanda 10' yellow Jun-Sep Toxic/all parts/sap Allium spp. P 3 Onions, Chives 1-2' many Apr-Oct Nipped but not = killed/Toxic/1% Amelanchier spp. Tr 3 Serviceberry white April Toxic/leaves/twigs Amsonia illustris P 3 Showy Blue-Star 2-4' blue Mar-Jun Coarse foliage/gd flwr/damp/easy = seed/1% Aster pratensis P 3 Meadow Aster 2-3' purple Sep-Nov Many flw/nip but worth = planting/1% Callicarpa americana* x DSh 3 American Beauty Bush 3-5' Eat foliage/Fall berry = beautiful Caltha palustris P 3 Windflower 2' yellow April Bitter taste/1% Cassia lindheimeriana* P 3 Lindheimer Senna 2' yellow Aug-Sep Toxic/bitter taste Cassia roemeriana* P 3 Two-Leaved Senna 2' yellow Apr-Sep Toxic/long bloom per./easy from = seed/1% Cheiranthus chieranthoides Bi 3 Wormseed Wallflower 1-2' many Spring Bitter taste Cooperia drummondii* P 3 Rain Lily 1' white Rainfal Aggressively reseed/1% Cooperia pedunculata* P 3 Rain Lily 1' yellow Fall =20 Aggressive reseeder/bloom after = rain/1% Cotinus obovatus* DSh 3 Am.Smoke Tree 15' rose Spring Nip but outgrow/wonderful = tree Cotoneaster glaucophyllus ESh 3 Cotoneaster 4' Generally not eaten/silver foliage/rd fall fruit/att.birds Cotoneaster horizontalis x ESh 3 Cotoneaster 3' Generally not eaten/red fall = fruit/birds Cytisus scoparius Dsh 3 Broom 1-3' yellow Summer Bitter taste Dalea frutescens* x P 3 Black Dalea 2' purple Jul-Oct Delicate looking silver = foliage Dalea greggii* =20 P 3 Gregg Dalea 1' purple Apr-Nov Nip/nice delicate silver = foliage Dasylirion texanum* x P 3 Sotol 1' cream March Coarse foliage Dicentra spp. P 3 Bleeding Heart 1' pink Spring Toxic/allparts/bitter taste/pain in = gut/1% Equisetum arvense P 3 Horsetail 2' Toxic/all parts Erigeron modestus*=20 P 3 Plains Fleabane 8" white Mar-Nov Aggressive growth Erthrina herbacea* Dsh 3 Coral Bean 6' red Apr-Jun Toxic seeds/nip but = outgrow/int.bloom Eupatorium coelestinum* P 3 Mistflower 2' blue Jul-Dec Aggressive growth/musky odor/many = seeds Eupatorium wrightii x P 3 White Mistflower 3' white Summer Musk odor/aggressive growth/attracts butterflies Euronymus japonica Sh 3 Silver King Euron. 4' Toxic/all parts/1% Eysenhardtia texana x DTr 3 Tx.Kidneywood 15' white Summer Toxic/all parts/attracts = bees Ficus caria Dsh 3 Common Fig 25' Toxic/sap/stems/leaves Gelsemimum sempervirens* P 3 Carolina Jasmine 20' yellow April Eat to browse/outgrow aggressively above browse line Guara lindheimeri* P 3 Scarlet Guara 18 white May-Sep Airy blooms/ nip but = outgrow Habranthus texanus* =20 P 3 Copper Lily 1' yellow Aug-Sep Outgrow/aggressively = reseed Helianthus angustifolius* P 3 Swamp Sunflower 3' yellow Aug-Nov Toxic/all parts Helianthus annuus* A 3 Common Sunflower 5' yellow Mar.Dec Coarse foliage/agg. = growth/1% Helianthus maximilliani* x P 3 MaximillionSunflower 5' yellow Jul-Oct Aggressive growth/depending on area may be nipped severly until established Heliotropium convolvulaceum* A 3 Fragrnt Heliotrope 16" white Jun-Oct Sweetly fragrant = flwr/lax/1% Heliopium spp. A 3 Cherry Pie Plant 1' purple Summer Toxic/all parts/aromatic Hymenopappus artemisiaefolius* Bi 3 Woolly-White 3' white Mar-Jul Agg/good cut flower/grow sandy = soil Helleborus niger A 3 Christmas Rose 2' many Winter Toxic/all parts/bitter = taste/1% Ilex decidua* DSh 3 Possumhaw (F) 1' rd.bery Fall Toxic/strong taste/buck damage = trunks Ilex vomitoria* ESh 3 Yaupon Holly (F) 1' rd bery Fall Toxic/but nip to browse/buck damage to trunks Ipomoea pandurata* A 3 Bindweed 15' white May-Oct Eat to browse/grows aggressively = Lagerstroemia indica Tr 3 Crepe Myrtle 15' many Summer Eat to browse/buck damage in = fall Ligustrum vulgare DSh 3 Privet 6' white Spring Normally eaten to browse line/ will look like sm.tree Linum A 3 Flax 1' bl,wh,r May-Sep Toxic/all parts Lithospermum incisum* P 3 Fringed Puccoon 1' yellow Nov-Jun Winter bloom/poor soil/roots=3Dred = dye Lythrum californicum* P 3 Purple Loosestrife 3' pink May-Oct Nip but outgrow/blooms = abundantly Machaeranthera tanaceifolia* A 3 Tahoka Daisy 1' purple May-Oct Foliage sticky/ Magnolia grandiflora* ETr 3 Southern Magnolia tree white May Eat to browse/og/buck = damage-fall Malus spp. Tr 3 Apple white Spring Toxic: seeds/leaves/bark Malvaviscus drummondii x P 3 Turk's Cap 2' red Aug-Oct Aromatic/hairy foliage/nice = bloom/berry/1% Melia azedarach DTr 3 Chinaberry Tree 30' white Lat Spr Toxic/all parts/interesting winter = berries Nicotiana alata A 3 Nicotiana 2-3' white Jun-Se. Toxic/leaves/1%/very fragrant = flowers Perezia runcinata* P 3 Peonia 1' pink Mar-Nov Shiny foliage/mny flw/dry/start = seeds Perezia wrightii* P 3 Brownfoot 2-4' pink May-Nov Desert holly/mny flw/dry/odor of = honey Phyla nodiflora v. incisa* P 3 Frog Fruit 3' white Jul-Oct Rampant/lax groundcover Pinus elderica x ESh 3 Afghan Pine 20' Aromatic/fast growing Pistacia texenanus* DTr 3 Texas Pistacio 15' Nip but outgrow/buck damage = fall Prospis glandulosa* DTr 3 Mesquite 20' cr.white Mar-Sept Eat to browse/outgrow Prunus caroliniana ESh 3 Am. Cherry Laurel 4-8' Toxic/ leaves Prunus persica Tr 3 Peach pinks Spring Toxic/ seeds/leaves/bark Prunus spp. Tr 3 Apricot/Cherry =20 Plum/Almond 20' many Spring Toxic/ seeds/leaves/bark Pyrus communis Tr 3 Pear many Spring Toxic/seeds/leaves/bark Pyrus malus Tr 3 Apple 20' white Spring Toxic/seeds/leaves/bark Quincula lobata* =20 P 3 Pur Ground Cherry 1' purple Mar-Dec Toxic/all parts/blooms alot = Ranunculus spp. P 3 Buttercups 1' yellow April Bitter taste/1% Ricinus communis A 3 Caster Bean 3-5' Jun-Oct Toxic/all parts/irritation/pain in gut/bitter/1% Ruellia brittoniana* P 3 'Chi-Chi'Ruellia 1' pink Apr-Oct Nip but outgrow/prolific = bloomer Ruellia nudiflora* P 3 Wild Petunia 3' violet Apr-Oct Nip but outgrow/many = blooms Sapindus drummondii* DSh 3 Soapberry 15' foliage Fall Toxic/all parts Symphoricarpos albus DSh 3 Coralberry/Indian Current 3' red berries Fall May eat leaves/berries of = interest Taxodium distichum* DTr 3 Bald Cypress 30' Nip to browse/Lacy foliage Tecoma stans* =20 P 3 Yellow Bells 4' yellow May-Oct Profuse bloomer/aggressive = growth/sap Thalictrum dasycarpum P 3 Purple Meadow-Rue 2-6' yellow Mar-Jul<