Book Review: The Ferns and Lycophytes of Texas

Donovan Stewart Correll was a prolific Texas botanist and author of numerous articles and books. Correll inspired generations of Texas botanists and in his memory the Native Plant Society of Texas presents an annual award for scientific writing in the area of native plants. This year that award went to George M. Diggs, Jr. and Barney Lipscomb for their book The Ferns and Lycophytes of Texas. This seems especially appropriate since the authors dedicated their book to Correll, whose first major work on Texas botany also concerned ferns and fern-like plants.

Ferns and lycophytes have neither seeds or flowers. They are considered primitive plants on the evolutionary scale. This new book is the first major book on ferns in Texas since Correll’s book was published in 1956 and benefits from advances in science that allow us to understand much more about these plants and how they evolved.

There are 127 known species of ferns and lycophytes in Texas, more than almost any other state. This book contains all of them and includes drawings and color photos, maps showing the distribution in both Texas and North America, and keys for identification. An extensive introduction describes where ferns occur in Texas and how they have adapted to the dryness and conditions of the regions in Texas. There is also a companion online resource.

The book is a good choice for amateur botanists who want to learn more about this interesting group of plants and be able to identify them. It’s only 380 pages and highly affordable. You can obtain it at the BRIT store in Fort Worth or online.

About the Region

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This low-elevations region of Texas extends inland from the barrier islands, about 60 or so miles, and stretches from Brownsville to Louisiana. In total, it covers about 9.5 million acres, with a high point of 150 feet in elevation. More than 1000 species of plants can be found in this region. On the southern end, species more common in Mexico (such as Sabal mexicana) and Central America occur.

The barrier islands provide us with dune systems, and clay flats to the inland side, which have species found in these areas alone. Many plants here, such as Ipomoea pes-caprae (beach morning glory), can be found throughout tropical regions of the globe. I’ve encountered the same species on the beaches of Guam.

Once inland, vast marshes and wet prairies occur. Occasionally, oak (Quercus fusiformis) groves can be found. Common grasses include species of Bothriochloa, Paspalum, and Sporobolus; eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides); and switchgrass (Panicum species). Many rivers and creeks cut through the Gulf Prairies, and along these riparian areas various species of trees, Sabal minor, and other plants adapted to clay soils can be found. Due to overgrazing, farming, and fire suppression, woody species such as mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and huisache (Acacia farnesiana), and invasive species such as chinaberry (Melia azedarach), Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), and Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum) have increased and displaced our native flora.

Source: Wildflowers of Texas by Michael Eason