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Musk Thistle

Carduus nutans

Other Common Names

Nodding Plumeless Thistle

Plant Category

Biennial

Invasive Description

Native to Eurasia, Musk Thistle was possibly accidentally introduced in 1852 through ballast water. It is an aggressive, spiny plant with showy red-purple flower heads that droop or nod. It resembles several native thistles. Seedlings may emerge at any time from spring to late summer and develop a rosette. Plants overwinter in the rosette stage, sending up a multi-branched flowering stem in mid-spring of their second year. Mature plants range in height from 1.5 to 6 feet tall.

Ecological Threat

Musk Thistle forms dense stands that can replace much of the native vegetation in pastures and disturbed areas. Its spines make it unattractive to wildlife and livestock, giving Musk Thistle a competitive advantage. Difficult to control since one flower head may produce 1,200 seeds and single plant up to 120,000 seeds, which are spread by animals and wind. Seeds may remain viable in soil for over ten years.

You may not want or need to replace this invasive plant, but if you do, options are listed below.

How to Eradicate

For information on how to eradicate this invasive, view our statement on herbicide use and preferred alternatives for invasive plants.

Native Alternatives

You can replace this invasive plant with native alternatives. Here are some plants that make superior replacements.

Match your location on the Texas map to the color squares on the replacement plants below to find suitable replacements for your ecoregion.

Click for more details about the ecoregions