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Thorny Olive

Elaeagnus pungens

Other Common Names

None for this invasive

Plant Category

Shrub, Tree

Invasive Description

Thorny Olive is native to eastern Asia and was first introduced into the United States in 1830 as an ornamental. It is a dense evergreen shrub or small tree, 3 to 25 feet tall. Sharp shoots give it a thorny appearance. Clusters of small, sweet-smelling, white to brown flowers develop in the fall. Plants rarely fruit, but fruit are small, red and dotted with small brown scales. Thorny Olive closely resembles two other exotic olives, Autumn Olive and Russian Olive.

Ecological Threat

Thorny Olive is able to grow and thrive in a variety of conditions, and can tolerate shade, drought, and salt. Animals and birds disperse seed, therefore widening its area of distribution. Reproduction also occurs via stem sprouts. When in its climbing form, it can climb into trees, choking out native vegetation.

Beginning 10/1/2024 South Carolina will forbid the sale of Thorny Olive (Elaeagnus pungens), Russian Olive (E. angustifolia) and Autumn Olive (E. umbellata).

How to Eradicate

For information on how to eradicate this invasive, view our statement on herbicide use and preferred alternatives for invasive plants.

Native Alternatives

You can replace this invasive plant with native alternatives. Here are some plants that make superior replacements.

Match your location on the Texas map to the color squares on the replacement plants below to find suitable replacements for your ecoregion.

Click for more details about the ecoregions