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Texas Beargrass

Nolina texana

Other common name(s):

Nolina Basketgrass

Family:

Asparagaceae (Asparagus Family)

Plant Ecoregion Distribution Map

Chihuahuan Deserts, Cross Timbers, Edwards Plateau, Southern Texas Plains
Chihuahuan Basins and Playas, Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands, Chihuahuan Montane Woodlands, Low Mountains and Bajadas, Stockton Plateau
Limestone Cut Plain
Balcones Canyonlands, Edwards Plateau Woodland, Llano Uplift, Semiarid Edwards Plateau
Semiarid Edwards Bajada

Plant Characteristics

Growth Form

Shrub

Height

1.5
to
2.5
ft.

Spread

6
to
6
ft.

Leaf Retention

Evergreen

Lifespan

Perennial

Habitat and Care Requirements

Soil Type(s)

Loam, Clay, Rocky, Limestone

Light Requirement

Part Shade

Water Requirement

Low

Native Habitat

Grassland, Woodland

Bloom and Attraction

Bloom Color

White

Bloom Season

Spring, Summer

Seasonal Interest

Nectar, Larval Host

Wildlife Benefit

Butterflies, Nectar Insects, Hummingbirds

Maintenance

Slow growing. Drought tolerant and low maintenance. A good evergreen garden accent. Remove flowering stalks after blooming or leave for wildlife. Prune sharp pointed leaves away from sidewalks or patios for safety reasons. Thin clumps by removing sections of the plant every few years to rejuvenate and transplant to other locations. Native habitat: forest openings and borders. Propagation: seed, offshoots transplant.

Comments

Blooms February-June. Grows in a grass-like mounding form, but not a true grass. Narrow, roundish evergreen leaves grow in clumps, with widely spaced teeth along the margins. A spike of small, cream colored flowers appear in spring and early summer. Flowers barely protrude above the foliage. Fruit is a distinctly 3-lobed, thin-walled capsule. Larval host: Atea Hairstreak and Sandia Hairstreak butterflies. Although still listed by some in the Liliaceae Family, the majority of botanical organizations now list it in the Asparagaceae Family.
Previous Scientific Name(s): Synonym(s): Nolina affinis, Nolina texana var. compacta

References

1) Griffith, Bryce, Omernick & Rodgers (2007). Ecoregions of Texas. 2) Miller, George O., Landscaping with Native Plants of Texas 2nd Ed., 2013, pg 48. 3) Wasowski and Wasowski, Native Texas Plants Landscaping Region by Region, 1991, pg. 253. 4) https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42996#null, 5) http://bonap.net/TDC/Image/Map?taxonType=Species&taxonId=22325&locationType=County&mapType=Normal, 6) Native and Adapted Landscape Plants, City of Austin and Texas A&M, 2014., 7) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolina_texana#:~:text=Nolina%20texana%2C%20the%20Texas%20sacahuiste,xeriscape%20or%20native%20plant%20gardens, 8) https://seedsource.com/bear-grass/
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About the Region

New Braunfels, the location of our Fall 2024 Symposium, straddles both the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion and the Blackland Prairie ecoregion. Interstate 35 divides the city of New Braunfels; its path through the city closely parallels the boundary of these two ecoregions, with the Edwards Plateau on the west side and the Blackland Prairies region to the east. The Edwards Plateau area is also called the Hill Country; however, this general term covers a much larger area extending farther north. Spring-fed creeks are found throughout the region; deep limestone canyons, rivers, and lakes (reservoirs) are common. Ashe juniper is perhaps the most common woody species found throughout the region. Additional woody species include various species of oak, with live oak (Quercus fusiformis) being the most common. Sycamores (Platanus occidentalis) and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) border waterways. This area is well known for its spring wildflower displays, though they may be viewed in spring, late summer, and fall, as well. According to Texas Parks and Wildlife, average annual rainfall in the Edwards Plateau ranges from 15 to 34 inches.

The Blackland Prairie extends from the Red River south to San Antonio, bordered on the west by the Edwards Plateau and the Cross Timbers, and on the east by the Post Oak Savannah. Annual rainfall averages 30 to 40 inches, with higher averages to the east. This region is dominated by prairie species. The most common grass species include little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans) in the uplands and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the riparian areas and drainages. Common herbaceous flowering plants include salvias, penstemons, and silphiums. This area has suffered greatly from overgrazing and agricultural use. Few intact areas remain, though many of the plants can be found along county roadsides throughout the region.

Our four host chapters (New Braunfels, Lindheimer, Guadalupe, and the Hill Country chapters) are located in one or both of the ecoregions above. However, the eastern portion of Guadalupe County also falls within the Post Oak Savanna ecoregion. Annual rainfall averages 35 to 45 inches, with higher averages to the east. A wide variety of hardwood trees are found, including several species of oaks, elms, and in the Bastrop area, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Grasses and forbs dominate in the open savannas, with most common grass being little bluestem. Ranching, agriculture, and fire suppression have allowed woody species to encroach on the once-open savannas.

Source: Wildflowers of Texas by Michael Eason