Clear Lake Chapter

Chapter Meeting: Texas Ferns for the Houston Area

January 9, 2023

Darla Harris highlights 21 Texas ferns that are either native to the region or do well in the Houston area. She also touches on the history of ferns and their reproductive strategies.

Texas ferns covered:
Woodwardia virginica (Virginia Chainfern, Virginia Chain Fern)
Woodwardia areolata (Netted Chainfern, Chain Fern, Netted Chain Fern)
Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive Fern, Bead Fern, Sympathy Fern)
Adiantum capillus-veneris (Southern Maidenhair Fern, Common Maidenhair Fern, Maidenhair Fern, Venus Hair Fern)
Osmundastrum cinnamomeum, formerly Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon Fern)
Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Royal Fern)
Pteridium aquilinum (Western Bracken Fern, Bracken Fern, Western Bracken, Bracken)
Botrychium biternatum (Sparselobe Grapefern)
Asplenium platyneuron (Ebony Spleenwort)
Asplenium trichomanes (Maidenhair Spleenwort)
Anemia mexicana (Mexican Fern, Mexican Flowering Fern)
Dryopteris ludoviciana (Southern Woodfern, Florida Shieldfern)
Thelypteris kunthii (Wood Fern, River Fern, Southern Shield Fern, Kunth’s Maiden Fern, Normal Shield Fern)
Pleopeltis polypodioides (Resurrection Fern)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas Fern)
Equisetum hyemale (Scouring-rush Horsetail, Horsetail, Scouring Rush, Canuela)
Marsilea macropoda (Bigfoot Water-clover, Water-clover, Clover-fern, Largefoot Pepperwort)
Azolla caroliniana (Carolina Mosquitofern)
Selaginella lepidophylla (Flower Of Stone)
Pellaea ovata (Ovateleaf Cliffbrake, Ovate-leaf Cliffbrake)
Pellaea atropurpurea (Purple Cliffbrake)

About the Speaker

Darla Harris has over 40 years of experience growing ferns and has grown over 650 different ferns. She is the president of the Texas Gulf Coast Fern Society and editor of the American Fern Society Fiddlehead forum. Darla opened Fern Plantation Nursery in 2015, where she offers more than 200 different ferns.

Resources

Diggs, George M., and Barney L. Lipscomb. The Ferns and Lycophytes of Texas. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 2014.
Peterson, Charles D., and Larry E. Brown. Vascular Flora of the Little Thicket Nature Sanctuary, San Jacinto County, Texas: A Sanctuary of the Outdoor Nature Club, Houston, Texas. Houston, TX: The Club, 1983.
Yarborough, Sharon C. Ferns and Fern Allies of the Trans-Pecos and Adjacent Areas. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press, 2002.

Hosted by Environmental Institute of Houston, University of Houston-Clear Lake

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About the Region

2026 Fall Symposium Logo

This low-elevations region of Texas extends inland from the barrier islands, about 60 or so miles, and stretches from Brownsville to Louisiana. In total, it covers about 9.5 million acres, with a high point of 150 feet in elevation. More than 1000 species of plants can be found in this region. On the southern end, species more common in Mexico (such as Sabal mexicana) and Central America occur.

The barrier islands provide us with dune systems, and clay flats to the inland side, which have species found in these areas alone. Many plants here, such as Ipomoea pes-caprae (beach morning glory), can be found throughout tropical regions of the globe. I’ve encountered the same species on the beaches of Guam.

Once inland, vast marshes and wet prairies occur. Occasionally, oak (Quercus fusiformis) groves can be found. Common grasses include species of Bothriochloa, Paspalum, and Sporobolus; eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides); and switchgrass (Panicum species). Many rivers and creeks cut through the Gulf Prairies, and along these riparian areas various species of trees, Sabal minor, and other plants adapted to clay soils can be found. Due to overgrazing, farming, and fire suppression, woody species such as mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and huisache (Acacia farnesiana), and invasive species such as chinaberry (Melia azedarach), Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius), and Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum) have increased and displaced our native flora.

Source: Wildflowers of Texas by Michael Eason